Skellow, South Yorkshire more

SKELLOW, SOUTH YORKSHIRE Gillian Crawley and Andrew Meadows (Plates 7-8) The hoard was found in 1994 by members of the former metal detecting club the 'White Rose Searchers', while on their late May bank holiday rally on farmland at Skellow, South Yorkshire.1 A total of 267 coins were found, together with fragments of the pot in which they had been buried. The find was reported immediately to Doncaster Museum, and the site was visited the following week by the museum's archaeologist, Tony O'Connor. Archaeological investigation proved impossible due to the extensive digging-over of the site. The hoard was declared Treasure Trove at an inquest in May 1995. The finders were named as Mr 1 Barrass, Mr C W Rodham and Mr R Sables. The whole hoard was acquired by Doncaster Museum with the aid of a grant from the National Art Collections Fund. The find-spot is just to the east of the Roman road from Lincoln to Doncaster. The nearest known Romano-British site is Burghwallis (Robin Hood's Well), where at least three Roman military marching camps of the first and second centuries are known. The latest dated coin from the hoard is from the first year of Domitian's reign (AD 81), and was thus deposited very shortly after the Roman conquest of the tribes in this area in the late 70s AD. In its early date and northerly location the hoard's principal interest lies. Republic 54 Mark Antony 22 Augustus 18 Tiberius 17 Claudius 1 Nero 13 Galba 4 Otho 3 Vitellius 7 Vespasian 99 Titus 4 Domitian 11 Titus 3 Domitian 1 Divus Vespasian 3 Domitian 1 Domitia 1 Plated copies 5 Total 267 1 For an account of the discovery of the hoard see R Sables, 'The White Rose hoard', The Searcher, October 1994. 48. Skellow 55 The pot (Fig. if Three rims and live body sherds from upper part of a cooking-pot with a wedge-shaped rim in a fabric tempered with sand and fossil shell. The body of the vessel was probably shaped by hand while the rim was wheel-finished. The form and fabric are typical local products in north Lincolnshire and the Don and Trent valleys in the first century ad. The sherds are heavily sooted on the inside but there is no trace of any corrosion: the soot may have acted as a protective layer preventing the corrosion from sticking to the pot. The absence of base sherds suggests that the pot was broken, disturbed and then dragged about by plough action. Fig. 1 (1:4) CATALOGUE REPUBLIC (54) No. I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. * 16. * 17. * 18. 19.* 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.* 28. 29. Money er C Rcni P Mae Ant M f M Pore Laeca Mn Aemilio Lep L Caesi Mn Aquil L Valeri Flacci L Valeri Flacci L Thorius Balbus L Thorius Balbus C Fundan Q L Piso LfLN Frugi M Cato L Rubri Dosseni Gar, Ogul, Ver C Norbanus C Mamil Limetanus C f L Censor C Annius T f T N Pro Cos L Sulla Impe, L Manli Proq A Post AfSN Albin C Nae Balb L Papi M M Voltei M f Cn Len Q Cn Len Q Q Pomponi Musa L Rosci Fabati L Furi Cn f Brocchi KRC 231/1 249/1 270 291 298 303 306 306 316/1 316/1 326/1 340/1 343/la 348/2 Dare (bc) Weight 138 3.54 132 3.72 125 3.58 114/113 3.51 112/111 3.50 109/108 3.59 108/107 3.68 108/107 3.53 105 3.72 105 3.45 101 3.52 90 3.77 89 3.61 87 3.29 86 3.62 83 3.59 82 3.36 82 3.64 82-81 3.47 82 3.61 81 3.06 79 3.42 79 3.64 78 3.56 76-75 3.68 76-75 3.63 66 3.54 64 3.53 63 3.57 350a/la 357/1 b 362/1 363/Id 366/3b 367/5 372/2 382/1 b 384 385/1 393/1 a 393/la 410/8 412 414 ~ We are grateful to Val Rigby for the report on the pot. 56 Coin Hoards from Roman Britain X No. Moneyer RRC Dale (BC) Weig 30. Paullus Lepidus 415 62 3.15 31. Paullus Lepiclus 415 62 3.44 32. Li bo 416/1 a 62 3.67 33. C Serveil C f 423 57 3.69 34.* Faustus 426/1 §6 3.60 35. Caldus Illvir 437/2a 51 3.53 36. Q Sicinius Illvir 440 49 3.51 37- Mn Acilius Illvir 442 49 3.63 38.* Caesar 443 49-48 3.19 39. Caesar 443 49^18 3.39 40.* L Hostilius Saserna 448/ la 48 3.54 41. L Hostilius Saserna 448/3 48 3.12 42. Caesar 458 47^6 3.54 43. Mn Cordlus Rufus Illvir 463/1 46 3.54 44. C Considius Paeius 465/2a 46 3.53 45. C Considius Pactus 465/3 46 2.86 46.* Caesar 468/1 46-45 3.13 47.* Caesar 468/2 46-45 3.35 48 * M Meuius 480/3 44 3.34 49. P Clodius M f 494/23 42 3.34 50. Caesar Illvir R P C 497/3 42 3.65 51.* Caepio Brutus Procos 501 43-42 3.38 52.* M Anton Imp Illvir R P C Aug 528/3 39 3.32 ^7 j j. Imp Caesar Divi t Illvir iter R P C Cos iter et terl Desig ? "7 J I 54. Imp Caesar Divi f Illvir iter R P C Cos iter el tert Desig 538/1 37 3.97 MARK ANTONY (22) 55. Anion Aug Imp III Cos Des III IIIv R P C with M Silanus Aug Q Procos 542/1 33 3.54 56. Leg III 544/15 32-31 3.15 57. Leg IV 544/17 32-31 3.24 58. Leg VI 544/19 32-31 3.41 59, Leg VI 544/19 32-31 3.13 60. Leg VII 544/20 32-31 3.17 61.* Leg VIII 544/21 32-31 3.21 62. Leg IX 544/23 32-31 3.15 63. Leg X 544/24 32-31 3.01 64. Leg X 544/24 32-31 3.37 65. Leg XI 544/25 32-31 3.01 66. Leg XI 544/25 32-31 3.15 67. Leg XIII 544/27 32-31 3.13 68. Leg XV 544/30 32-31 3.43 69. Leg XV 544/30 32-31 3.16 70. Leg XVI 544/31 32-31 2.98 71. Leg XX 544/36 32-31 3.13 72. Uncertain legion 544/? 32-31 3.30 73. Uncertain legion 544/7 32-31 2.92 74. Uncertain legion 544/? 32-31 3.24 "71 Uncertain legion ->44/ ! il-i I 0.13 76.* Scarpus Imp for M Antonio Cos III Imp IIII Aug 546/2d 31 3.22 AUGUSTUS (18) Obv.. TVRPILIANVS IIIVIR FERON No. Reverse BMC RIC Weig 77. CAESAR AVGVSTVS SIGN RECE 14 288 3.55 78. CAESAR AVGVSTVS SIGN RECE 14 288 3.48 Skellow 57 Obv.. L AQVILLI VS FLORVS 1IIVIR No. Reverse BMC RIG Weig 79. CAESAR AVGVSTVS SIGN RECE 40 304 3.76 Obv.. no legend 80. L VICINIVS SPQR IMP CAE 77 359 3.77 Obv.. CAESAR AVGVSTVS 81. SPQR CL V 334 42a 2.88 Obv.. no legend 82. CAESAR AVGVSTVS 352 33a 3.64 Obv.. CAESAR AVGVSTVS 83. OB CTVIS SERVATOS 376 75 a 3.75 Obv.. AVGVSTVS DIVI F 84.* IMP X 451 167a 3.71 85.* IMP XII 191a 3.65 Obv.. AVGVSTVS DIVI F 86. C CAES AVGVS F 500 199 3.68 06v.: CAESAR AVGVSTVS DIVI F PATER PATRIAE 87. CL CAESARES AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT 533 207 3.64 88. CL CAESARES AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT 533 207 3.71 89. CL CAESARES AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT 533 207 3.63 90. CL CAESARES AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT 540 210 3.58 Obv.: CAESAR AVGVSTVS DTVI F PATER PATRIAE 91. CL CAESARES AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT 540 210 3.54 Obv.: no legend 92. CAESAR DIVI F 597 257 3.49 93 CAESAR DIVT F V_- i» 1—"J i \ IX 1—' I'll j.-lZ 94. IMP CAESAR 633 271 3.39 TIBERIUS (17) Ofev;; TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS 95. PONTIF MAXIM 34 26 3.68 96. PONTIF MAXIM 34 26 3.68 97. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 3.54 98. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 3.48 99. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 3.59 100.* PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 30 3.60 101. PONTIF MAXIM 48 3.20 102. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 3.81 103. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 3.65 104. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 3.60 105. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 4.03 106. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 3.63 107. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 3.69 108. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 3.34 109. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 3.50 110. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 3.49 111. PONTIF MAXIM 48 30 3.53 CLAUDIUS (1) Obv.: TI CLAVD CAESAR AVG P M TR P XI IMP P P COS V 112.* PACI AVGVSTAE 69 62 3.62 58 Coin Hoards from Roman Britain X NERO (13) Obv.: nero caesar avg imp No. Reverse 113 * pontif max tr p vii cos iiii p p ex sc 114. pontif max tr p vh cos iiii p p ex sc 115. pontif max tr p viii cos iiii p p ex sc Obv.: nero caesar avgvstvs 116. concordia avgvsta Obv.: imp nero caesar avgvstvs 117. ivppiter cvstos Obv:: nero caesar avgvstvs 118. ivppiter cvstos 119. ivppiter cvstos 120* roma 121. salvs 122. salvs Qbv.: imp nero caesar avg p p 123. salvs 124. salvs 125. salvs BMC 24 24 35 63 67 ^4 74 98 98 98 RIC 22 22 32 49 64 53 53 55 60 71 71 71 Weight 3.60 3.64 3.54 3.48 3.13 3.15 3.11 3.15 3.00 2.96 3.15 3.15 3.20 GALBA (4) Obv.: imp ser galba caesar avg 126. * salvs gen hvmani Obv.: galba imperator 127. * roma renascens 128. * virtvs Obv.: ser galba imperator 129. * victoria pr 42 var. 180 var. 200 227 bis 210 var. 3.45 43 var. 3.46 12 3.39 111 3.67 OTHO (3) Obv.: imp m otho caesar avg tr p 130. * pax orbis terrarvm Obv.: imp otho caesar avg tr p 131. * secvritas pr 132* pont maxim 3 20 4 12 3.35 3.53 3.59 VITELLIUS (7) Obv.: a vitellivs german1cvs imp 133. * xv vir sacr fac Obv.: a vitellivs german imp tr p 134. * concor dia pr 135. * liber1 imp german Obv.: a vitellivs germ imp avg tr 136 * concordia rp 137. * pont maxim 138. * xv vir sacr fac 139. * xv vir sacr fac 20 34 39 39 7(1 73 79 107 109 109 3.26 3.15 3.03 3.15 3.00 2.94 3.60 Skjellow 59 REIGN OF VESPASIAN (114) /"Win • IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG Kin ISO. Reverse BMC RIC Weight tAjn * 1-+U. CAESAR AVG F COS CAESAR AVG F PR 2 2 3.08 141 COS ITER FORT RED 7 4 3.07 14? COS ITER FORT RED 7 4 3.13 143 COS ITER FORT RED 7 4 3.11 COS ITER TR POT 21 9 3.08 145 COS ITER TR POT 21 9 3.28 146 COS ITER TR POT 21 9 2.95 147 COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.12 148 J "TO. COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.17 14Q COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.01 COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.09 COS ITER TR POT 25 10 2.90 COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.04 1S3 COS ITER TR POT 25 10 2.99 COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.03 155 * COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.11 156. COS ITER TR POT 25 10 2.93 157 COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.01 158. COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.00 159. COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.08 160. COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.13 161. COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.16 162. COS ITER TR POT 25 10 2.97 163. COS ITER TR POT 25 10 2.98 164. COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.02 165. COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.15 166. COS ITER TR POT 25 10 2.99 167. COS ITER TR POT 25 to 3.03 168. COS ITER TR POT 25 10 3.01 169.* IVDAEA 35 15 2.80 170. IVDAEA 35 15 2.85 171. IVDAEA 35 15 3.01 172. IVDAEA 35 15 3.03 173. IVDAEA 35 15 2.92 174. IVDAEA 35 15 3.10 175. IVDAEA 35 15 3.01 176. TITVS ET DOMIT1AN CAESARES PRIN IVEN 45 25 ? 01 177. TITVS ET DOMITIAN CAESARES PRIN IVEN 45 25 3.23 178. TITVS ET DOMITIAN CAESARES PRIN IVEN 45 25 3.42 179.* TITVS ET DOMITIAN CAFSARFS PRTN FVFN 45 9'5 3 00 Ob v.: IMP CAES VESP AVG P M 180. AVGVR TRI POT 50 30 3.18 181. AVGVR TRI POT 50 30 3.24 182.* TRI POT 57 37 3.07 183. TRI POT 57 37 3.07 184. TRI POT II COS IT P P 61 3Q ? 93 185. TRI POT II COS II P P 61 39 3.07 186. TRI POT 11 COS TT P P U J 39 Obv.: IMP CAES VESP AVG P M COS IIII 187. AVGVR TRI POT 64 42 2.98 188. AVGVR TRI POT 64 42 3.10 189. AVGVR TRI POT 64 42 3.12 190. AVGVR TRI POT 64 42 3.03 191. CONCORDIA AVGVSTI 65 43 2.99 192. CONCORDIA AVGVSTI 65 43 2.93 193.* CONCORDIA AVGVSTI 65 43 3.28 60 Coin Hoards No. Reverse 194. tri pot 195. * tri pot 196. victoria avgvstt 197. victoria avgvsti 198. victoria avgvsti Obv.: imp caes vesp avg p M cos iiii cen 199. fides pvbl Obv.: imp caes vesp avg cens 200* pontif maxim 201. pontif maxim 202. pontif maxim 203. pontif maxim 204. pontif maxim 205. spqr Obv.: imp caesar vesp avg 206. cos v Obv.: imp caesar vespasianvs avg 207. pon max tr p cos v 208. pon max tr P cos v 209. pon max tr p cos v 210. pon max tr p cos v 211. pon max tr p cos v Obv.: imp caesar vesp avg 212. pontif maxim 213. pontif maxim Obv.: imp caesar vespasianvs avg 214. pon max tr p cos vi 215. pon max tr p cos vi 216. pon max tr p cos vi 217. pon max tr p cos vi 218. pon max tr p cos vi 219. pon max tr p cos vi 220. pon max tr p cos vi 221. pon max tr p cos vi 222. pon max tr p cos vi 223. pon max tr p cos vi 224 * pon max tr p cos vi 225. pon max tr p cos vi Obv.: t caesar imp vespasian 226. pontif tr p cos iiii 227. cos vii 228. cos v|II1? Obv.: caesar avg f domitianvs 229. cos iiii 230. cos vih 231. cos vin 232. cos vni 233. cos viii 234. * cos vm Obv.: caesar vespasianvs avg 235. imp xix 236. * imp xix 237. imp xix Obv.: t caesar imp vespasianvs 238. cos vi Obv.: caesar avg f domitianvs 239. cos v 240. cos v Obv.: t caesar imp vespasianvs 241. * tr pot viii cos vii Roman Britain x BMC R1C Weight 70 49 3.02 70 49 3.02 74 52 3.02 74 52 3.06 74 52 3.17 86 5.5 3.10 98 65 3.90 98 65 2.92 98 65 2.83 98 65 2.98 98 65 3.01 101 66a 3.22 133 72 3.21 136 77 3.33 138 75 2.99 138 75 3.11 138 75 2.84 138 75 3.00 p.27 * 83 3.10 146 84 3.22 161 90 3.17 161 90 3.21 161 90 3.01 161 90 3.02 161 90 3.00 161 90 3.00 161 90 3.13 161 90 3.14 161 90 3.14 161 90 3.22 161 90 2.98 166 93 3.01 172 185 2.90 177 96 3.04 180 99a 3.32 193 238 3.04 200 103 2.95 200 103 2.77 200 103 2.99 200 103 2.96 203 104 3.08 212 109 3.04 216 110 2.96 216 110 3.05 221 195 2.89 234 242 2.95 234 242 2.85 258 208 3.26 Skellow 61 Obv.: IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG flo. Reverse 242. * TR POT X COS Villi 243. * TR POT X COS Vim Obv.: CAESAR AVG F DOMITIANVS COS VI 244. PRINCEPS IVVENTVTIS 245. PRINCEPS IVVENTVTIS Obv.: IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG 246. IOVIS CVSTOS 247. IOVIS CVSTOS 248. IOVIS CVSTOS 249. IOVIS CVSTOS 250. IOVIS CVSTOS Obv.: CAESAR AVG F DOMITIANVS 251. CERES AVGVST Obv.: IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG TR P 252. * rVDAEA DEVICTA Obv.: double struck, legend garbled 253. AVGVR TRI POT BMC 248 254 RJC 114 119 Weight 3.05 3.23 262 262 244 244 3.10 3.10 276 276 276 276 276 124a 124a 124a 124a 124b 3.03 2.89 3.09 2.90 3.04 248 3.15 389 3.09 2.80 REIGN OF TITUS (7) Obv.: IMP TITVS CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M 254. TR P Villi IMP XV COS VIIP P 26 15a 3.14 255. TR P Vim IMP XV COS VII P P 29 16a 3.07 256. TR P IX IMP XV COS VIIIP P 51 23a 3.23 Obv.: CAESAR DIVI F DOMITIANVS COS VII 257. PRINCEPS IVVENTVTIS 98 47 2.94 Obv.: DIVVS AVGVSTVS VESPASIANVS 258. SC 129 63 3.12 259. SC 129 63 3.13 260. SC 129 63 3.03 REIGN OF DOMITIAN (2) Obv.: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M 261* TR P COS VII DES VIII P P Obv.: DOMITIA AVGVST A IMP DOMIT 262.* PIETAS AVGVST 13 65 23 214 2.95 3.57 Obv.: IMP CAES VESP AVG CENS 263.* TRI POT Obv.: DIVVS AVGVSTVS VESPASIANVS 264.* PRPNCEPS IVVENTVTIS Obv.: imp caes domitianvs avg 265. * tr p vnn imp xrmii cos vii p p Obv..- caesar avg F domitianvs cos vi 266. * ...jcapitoli|nvs Obv.: caesar divi f domitianvs cos vii 267. * tr p vim imp xnn cos vii p p PLATED COPIES (5) Vespasian (1) Divus Vespasian (1) Domitian as Caesar (3) 3.30 3.70 3.38 3.06 3.27 Overley Plate 7 Overley; Skellow Skellow 264 129 130 131 132 265 266 Plate 8 Skellow